A Discourse of Three Drunkards

Emma Luster HIS 282 November 6, 2011 A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government Nakae Chomin wrote A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government in 1887. It is a work of debate literature that presents us with multi-dimensional characters with very specific and indefinable beliefs about how Japan should be run. Nakae Chomin studied in France for some time and this certainly must have influenced his thoughts and writings. In our textbook, Modern East Asia, we learned about many different movements and developments that were going on at the time that this book was written.In terms of political developments, there were a lot of changes going on in Japan. Japanese officials sent forces into Taiwan, which eventually lead to the Chinese suffering a defeat and the samurai still feeling betrayed by the Meiji leaders, which in turn lead to an uprising in Hizen and other areas of Japan. This was the start of the end for the Samurai (Schirokauer, 163). However, despite this rebellion, other le aders praised those in charge of the uprising for their spirit and enthusiasm. There was a great amount of discontent and opposition to the Meiji government at this time and antigovernment groups began to pop up everywhere.It is also notable that political parties began to emerge at this time. Not only were there political developments, but there were also many changes in terms of intellectual progress. Many people in Japan were greatly influenced by Western ideals, specifically in the areas of science and technology (Schirokauer, 168). The Europeans Enlightenment also influenced Japanese intellectuals. To me, it seems as though the intellectual movements were for the most part stimulated by ideas that did not come directly from Japan. With all of these changes, the foreign relations that Japan had with other countries began to change.Relations with Western and European countries grew exponentially for the better. However, relations with other Asian nations were not quit as successf ul; especially after the rebellions and revolutions. As we learn from the debate, China and Russia are the two countries that stick out as countries that could cause problems for Japan. I think that the author wrote this book at the time that he did because he knew that Japan was stuck and people needed help as to what should happen next. By writing this type of book it gives readers multiple opinions without forcing them to choose one like most authors.He thought that the crisis was that conflicting opinions were not being compromised and no one really wanted to be the one to lead Japan successfully into the future for fear of failure. His concern was the Japan would fall apart and that there would be nothing anyone can do. One of the three characters in the book, Champion, had a very unique view of how Japan should be that was extremely different from that of the Gentleman. The Champion thought that Japan should step it up and become more forceful in its handling of foreign disput es.He thought that if Japan was going to be attacked by another nation, Japan should not be passive and should in fact answer with strength and force. He brings up a good point when he says that Japan could not respond to foreign attacks by trying to verbalize and reason through the problem. Champion is a skeptic when it comes to relations with other nations and thinks that other countries are solely looking out for their own best interests which to me seems to make sense, and that is why Champion believes that Japan needs to take a stand and project its own desires and interests.Another point that I find to be particularly powerful is that Champion tells the Gentleman that just because Japan is adopting Westerns values, it does not mean that these other nations such as France or the United States will aid Japan in a time of need. According to the Champion, war is inevitable and it should not be feared because it will leave Japanese citizens with a sense of pride and pleasure that t hey have accomplished something that is of great importance.In short, Champion thinks that weakness and passiveness is the problem and that Japan needs to not rely on other countries as much, and should take caution to create a system where Japan can stand on its own. To me, I think that Champion does seem to be realistic in his arguments because he knows that discussion and reasoning will not be effective once a violent attack has already been launched. However, I think that the degree to which militaristic views were pushed is slightly extreme and that Champion should realize that there is some validity to not being so outwardly aggressive.Next, we have the Gentleman, whose argument is the opposite of Champion’s. The Gentleman believes that as the Western world develops, Japan will quickly be left behind in the dark. To prevent this, he argues, Japan should try to keep up with the times and stay as modernized and Westernized as possible to reduce the risk of being left behi nd. This means that Japan should try to adopt a political system such as democracy, which in turn, attempts to promote pacifism over violence at all costs. Namely, that conflict with the larger and stronger European nations is avoided.These powers are of concern to the Gentleman and he stresses the point that trying to stand against these powers on war would be a foolish decision because if Japan is victimized, they will not be in the wrong for also engaging in violence. In the government, the Gentleman believes that the power should lie in the hands of the people, eliminating the tension that citizens had with the government in previous years. If the citizens felt like they are more involved, perhaps they would have more of a sense of national pride in their homeland.The Gentleman specifically mentions China and Russia as rivals that should be watched closely. In my opinion, I feel as though the Gentleman is too optimistic in his thinking that pacifism is a realistic approach to so lving world problems, especially after the development of stronger and more powerful weapons. Despite the fact that he promotes pacifism, I also feel as though the Gentleman’s promotion of his tactics, as well as his hope and desire for an instant change is far too aggressive for something that would be so radically different for the Japanese.His ideas are good in theory, and if they would really work I think it would be the best situation. Lastly, we encounter the mediator of the two other men, Master Nankai. Master Nankai has a clear passion for talking about politics and believes that it is of high importance. Master Nankai takes bits and pieces from both arguments and it seems as though he promotes the best of both worlds. He is clearly a supporter of democracy, but he also realizes that it has its drawbacks. He believes that Japanese officials should not seek out violence but if needed, they should be able to protect their country to the best of their abilities.It is als o said that European nations such as, France, Germany, and Russia set the standard for what Japan should strive for. However, as much as it seems as though Master Nankai supported these ideas, he also makes strong statements that he cannot accept either set of beliefs as they stand. Nankai wants the men to try and revise their ideas, and give them time to be tested in the real world before one can be accepted as the whole truth. To him, Master Nankai thinks that a constitutionalism system should be put in place where the emperor still has power but the peace and happiness of the Japanese citizens is still promoted.Now we come to the hard part, deciding where my beliefs lay and which of any of these main characters do I support? I would have to say that I cannot say that I could pick one of the main characters arguments. Both are far too idealistic and would not work in the real world. To me, the perfect situation would be a combination of both Champion and Gentleman’s beliefs . If the Japanese could learn from other countries, and strive for more independence in the world, that can only be beneficial.However, it is important that the Japanese culture is maintained and that precautions are taken so that it can protect itself if need be. In conclusion, we can learn a lot about Meiji Japan from this book that at first did not seem to be strictly informational. The book as a whole focuses on the international relations of Japan with other world powers as well as the future of Meiji Japan. I think it is clear that Japan is at a major crossroad right now where things could take a drastic turn for the worse if the right decision is not made.

Aviation Flight School

The research focused on the ways in which flight schools can provide a specialized training format that satisfies goals for both professional and recreational pilots. These are unique ways in which, flight schools can achieve flight instruction for students by providing a strong training format that meets the individuals needs. Offering practical and theoretical skills to the students, and ensuring professional instructors. Also the use of modern facilities and equipment for teaching students; with a strong emphasis for FAA standards during all phases of instruction. These are some ideas flight schools should adopt in order to meet needs and demands of their students. Introduction The purpose of the research was to find how flight schools provide unique flight training solutions to meet needs of their students. The research identifies principles that flight schools practice as a school that takes a pilot from never having piloted an aircraft to, â€Å"helping them know when to use their landing lights, transponder, and trim tabs. (Above View FBO [AV], 2008) Learning to fly is one of the dreams of many people; and there are many reasons to learn to fly and most local flight schools can facilitate student’s needs on just about any schedule and desired rating or certification. (G&B Aircraft Management [G&B], 2008) Some may want to learn to fly for recreational purposes while others may learn to fly for a career. Whether as a career, or for recreational purposes in flight operations is one of the more unique areas of flight training in aviation. Students at flight schools can be trained to become commercial pilots or recreational pilots. For the commercial pilot the world of aviation is very much exciting, dynamic and can be very demanding. In order for one to become a professional aviator whom the world can rely and depend on in the future, one has to undergo thorough flight training. Simply attending a flight school is never enough, though it is a basic requirement, one needs to be thoroughly trained before he is given certification. Schofields flying club [Schofields], 2008) For Private pilots aviation is taken as a recreation that provides the student with a sense of freedom, fun, and accomplishment that stays with that person forever. Private pilots also begin with the same detailed training that commercial pilots need. (Schofields, 2008) For both types of students the training environment for flight should be conducive and all tools needed for training should be available in order to ensure a clear understanding. (Scho fields, 2008) Theoretical and Practical Skills The main objective of flight training is to impart airmanship skills on the students, putting in mind the principles of flight, and the ability to safely operate and navigate an aircraft with precision. Training on flight courses covers two areas that are the on-ground theory lessons and the practical training in the air. Students in flight schools are acquitted with a wide scope of knowledge on the areas that are related to flights. (Schofields, 2008) Students learn basic principles of flight, meteorology, flight rules and regulations. Also flight school students are trained in navigation, radio communications, and the aircraft itself. The use of sophisticated instruments, systems, and other equipment ensure that the students have a wide-ranging knowledge on several different areas of operation that relate to aviation. When a student is fully trained, and correctly demonstrates proficiency in these areas, he or she is awarded a certificate to show that they are professionally acquitted with the necessary knowledge and skills for flight. (Schofields, 2008) Availability of Facilities Aviation schools should have FAA flight facilities and equipments at the location of operation. This gives the student an added advantage in that they can access the facilities as they need, and also gives them an opportunity to attend ground lessons, which is a major part of the study. Flight schools tend to use less commercialized airports for training flights this gives students training without the crowded airspace. (Flight Training, 2004) Strong Training Format In order for students to be fully prepared to take off on flights they are subjected to a specialized and strong training format that is followed by the school. Aviation flight schools when training students should train them using modern equipment, and facilities. This will give students the opportunity to learn what is currently used in the field of aviation. When the training is based on new and modern technology the students are in a better position since they can fit in the field. (Flight Training, 2004) Most of the Aviation schools have developed a structured curriculum, which is used to demonstrate various airplane systems which include a complete set of working flight instructions to enhance learning opportunities. They use multimedia services and the Internet to gain more information on the new developments in the field. A proven training system ensures that students are fully trained before they are given certificates to practice flight as a career or for recreational purposes. (Flight Training, 2004) There are many curriculums for a flight school to adopt, in fact some flight schools may have more than one to cater to the needs of their students; such as structured accelerated programs, or a self paced pay as you go open schedule program. (K.  Hansen, personal communication, April 7, 2008) The idea behind a strong training format that a flight school adopts, or develops, is for retention. Not just of students for the flight school, but primarily the student’s knowledge. (J. Gifford, personal communication, April 7, 2008) Emphasis on FAA Standards â€Å"The flight school falls under a variety of Federal Aviation Regulations†¦FAR Part 91 is the basic set of regulations for general flight operations. In addition to that, flight training can be conducted under FAR Part 61, the regulation for flight training or under a combination of FAR Part 61 and 141. (Vincent, 2008) Flight schools are divided into FAA-approved (part 141) and non-approved (part 61) they are usually divided based on the regulations under which they operate. FAA-approved schools â€Å"voluntarily submit their procedures and training to a higher standard of curriculum use, regulation and paperwork in exchange for lower hour requirements prior to a student receiving a flight certificate or rating. † (Vincent, 2008) Also they are periodically audited, this is done to ensure that they follow the laid down training format. Have detailed FAA certified course outlines, the course outlines are detailed and certified to ensure that what is covered in one aviation institution is covered in all other schools. It must meet trainee pilot performance rates to maintain certification. While non-approved (part 61) schools do not have similar requirements, they cater for students who need more flexibility with lesson content and scheduling. (Flight Training, 2004) FAA standards are emphasized in every aspect of learning including equipment maintenance and flight training. This is usually achieved through taking of FAA tests in the classroom at the conclusion of each course, the FAA certified CATS testing program certifies the tests. (Flight Training, 2004) Emphases are put mostly on the fundamentals, and safety of the flights this is usually achieved through ground school courses, which are continually offered to the students. They are used to ensure that they have a complete understanding of the fundamentals. The student pilots are provided with aeronautical decision-making and flight maneuvering skills in order to remain safe under all circumstances. Modernized Facilities and Equipment Today there is a demand by students for the use of newer model glass panel equipped aircraft. Some of the instruments that these aircraft include are uplink NEXRAD weather images, traffic and terrain collision alert systems, autopilots and leather interiors. These are tools that can help students when they are carrying out their practical lessons. (Miller, 2008) However cost is also a concern, newer aircraft cost more to purchase and operate compared to older models. Many flight schools often have a variety of aircraft types to â€Å"offer several options for training and rental purposes. (AV, 2008) However if the student’s needs, and or budget do not allow them to always fly the latest and greatest airplane out there, it is essential for them to know that the aircraft they do fly are safe and properly maintained. Students want to be assured that â€Å"the safety of [their] aircraft is [their] number one priority. † (AV, 2008) Continued Trainings for Licensed Pilots Aviation schools also offer trainings for pilots who wish to advance in their field, receive additional endorsements or ratings, or simply stay current. The hours of operation also run from early morning to late evening, weekdays and weekend training times, which enable even the busiest professional to fit flight training into his schedule. This helps the pilots to gain more knowledge, and continue to keep aviation in their schedules. (Miller, 2008) For many flight schools the idea is not only to teach new students how to fly but to continue to cater to all their students, or customers, needs past, present, and future; to become their one stop shop for aviation. (G&B) Professional Instructors When performing aircraft operations as a student pilot the teaching is done one on one, and students want to know that their flight school has professional instructors who are fully trained and have all the required qualifications for the training that they provide. (K. Hansen, personal communication, April 7, 2008) These instructors are former students themselves that have experience, have demonstrated exceptional skill, and received additional training. Accomplished flight instructors are also personally committed to educating the students one on one and helping them to learn. Flight Instructors are â€Å"pilots who know their way around the cockpit as well as the classroom. † (AV, 2008) Conducive Environment Although parts of the students training involves ground school, and sometimes simulations, the majority of flight training is conducted in the actual real world environment. Because of the uniqueness of this kind of environment it should be a goal of the flight school to make this environment as conducive as possible for learning. Having facilities that the student can access that has similarities to a school and not a rental agency will also help â€Å"provide a personal, comprehensive environment for learning. (AV, 2008) Students should be treated and recognized as an individual, a student, and then a paying customer, not simply as cash flow; by a school that can take â€Å"pride in being able to cater to [students] needs. † (AV, 2008) This motivates the students, fosters learning, and generally establishes long-term relationships with the flight school for the student pilots aviation needs. The students should be equipped with Radio communication skills; this is because radio communications lie at the base of procedural flying. Proficiency in radio communication is fundamental to becoming a skilled procedural pilot. In air communications is an essential tool for all pilots. A student pilot should spend time, and effort to acquire an accurate radio technique. Good radio communication skills are of great value to the student at all aspects, and stages of his flying. Radio communications are designed to satisfy both the formal theoretical needs and the practical needs of all students’ professional and private pilots.

Discuss the major events of world war two Essay

Discuss the major events of world war two - Essay Example Among these are the attack on Pearl Harbor that began America’s involvement with Japan in such famous events as the Battle of Midway and the Battle of Coral Sea and the alliance that developed between America and the Western European nations as they engaged with Germany in battles such as the D-Day battle at Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge. The major events of World War II, such as those just listed, came to an end with the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan following Germany’s defeat, finally and decisively ending the last global war of the 20th century. On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked America’s Pacific Fleet based at Pearl Harbor in Oahu, Hawaii. The two-wave assaults came at 7:53 and 8:55 AM. It ended by 10 AM and by 1 PM, the planes had rejoined the Japanese carriers and were headed on their way home to Japan. In the wake of the chaos that followed the attack, 2,403 American servicemen were dead, 188 planes were destroyed and eight battleships were either heavily damaged or completely destroyed (â€Å"Attack at Pearl Harbor†, 1997). The U.S. immediately began fighting on both European and Pacific fronts fully supported by the American public. The day after the Pearl Harbor attack, President Roosevelt made his famous ‘a day that lives in infamy’ speech to Congress that requested this body declare war against Japan. Congress quickly agreed to that request then declared war on Germany and Italy on December 11 (Holt, 2006). The Pacific War was the largest naval conflict in history. At the start of 1942, the United States was decidedly outmatched by the Japanese. As a way to raise the morale of the troops, Army Lt. Col. James H. Doolittle was sent to guide 16 bombers to raid Tokyo, and three other Japanese cities in April 1942. The bombing raid was not intended to nor did it inflict much physical damage to Japan, but the psychological damage of the attack was significant as the Japanese thought this

WK1_Public Leadership Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WK1_Public Leadership Paper - Essay Example Adopting better management principles by public leaders forms crucial part of establishing efficient public institutions. The public sector needs to engage in good governance that embraces acceptable ethics. Discipline within the public sector should begin with the top cadre dropping down. As a result, there exists efficient integration of human resources. Public servants, in the lower cadre models what happens at the top. The approach may involve centralized or decentralized leadership. However, whether leadership embraces a centralized or decentralized approach, good governance is essential. In this respect, public leaders should instill the necessary principles and values that promote prudent governance within the society (Birney et al., 2010). Further, public leadership entails working towards facilitating sustainable development. The leadership features in the public sector require, a demonstration of commitment regarding the advocacy for development policies. The role of the pu blic sector involves ensuring its citizens access a sustainable development and future. In this sense, good governance is important in not compromising the livelihood of citizens. In addition, public leadership entails resources reaching all citizens of a nation. This includes dealing with issues such as bureaucracy that impedes on better management of public institutions, and delay in service delivery to citizens. ... Public leadership does not involve polarizing the population for personal gains, but helping the population to embrace a sustainable future. (Birney et al., 2010). The leadership in the public sector concentrates on ensuring citizens gets proper health care, housing facilities, education, security and appropriate infrastructure. Public leadership also entails creating employment and investment opportunities for the citizens. Public leaders are in office purposely to aid the improvement of its citizen’s living standards. To promote favorable environment for development, safety of citizens is crucial. Where there is a proper established public leadership, the establishment can improve on institution necessary to promote civility within a country or nation. Leadership in the public sector means readiness to work for all regardless of other circumstances known or unknown. Public leaders act as an example to the rest of the citizens. The key responsibility required among leaders in volves service delivery to the population. In this regard, public leadership requires a discard of malpractices such as corruption, nepotism and high handedness. Governing ethics within the public sector is vital in setting up principles that promotes good governance. This entails maintaining a high level of integrity, required to safeguard the public interest. Good governance requires a benchmark to measure the values of public leaders. This ensures that those in public office specifically work for the betterment of the entire population and not personal gains. Most countries across the globe fail because of poor governance by not vetted public leaders. In general terms, public leadership entails upholding high level of

Assess the impact of ideology on the (United Kingdom) Coalition Essay

Assess the impact of ideology on the (United Kingdom) Coalition government elected in May 2010 - Essay Example To understand how the ideologies of political parties in the UK affect the present coalition governance it will be necessary to define political ideology based on the UK situation, their development over the years and therefore how they affect people, societies and governance in the land. Political ideology like any other form of ideology will have as part of its components a definition of the cognitive values (expression of knowledge and doctrines), intended effects on the subjects’ feelings, the definition of norms and system of judgment through its valuation criteria, plans and action points and lastly its social base. These are what the main political parties in the UK strive to monitor in order to achieve the support of groups and collectivities. For a government to run smoothly there has to be agreement among the members in the government to a common ideology. However in cases where parties are forced to come together in form of coalitions to form government then comprom ises are sought in the ideologies (Ball, 1987 p 1-3). This is quite a challenge in a case where the ideological differences are sharp and incompatible. In assessment of the state of the UK coalition government formed following the may 2010 general election, political ideologies of the constituent parties are found to have a major contribution on governance of the country. In this paper we seek to give an assessment of the effects of ideology of the constituents of the coalition on governance by first assessing the ideologies of individual major in the UK namely the Conservatives, the Labor Party and the Liberal Democrats. The paper will further consider how the ideologies affect governance in the coalition through analysis of opinions. The role of political parties in the UK Political parties in the UK are charged by the electorate and members with the important role of governance through direct formation of government as the ruling party or as a check to the government as backbench ers or the opposition party. In cases where no particular winner is obtained as the case in the 2010 general elections, the parties agree to form a coalition government. Other functions of political parties in the UK can be summarized as: 1. Development of particular party ideological positions. 2. Facilitation of political education while encouraging participation by party members and the electorate in political processes. 3. Formulation of individual policies that are combined to form a coherent political program implemented in case the party forms government. 4. Oversee political elections at all levels (local, national and regional) 5. Represent political, social, economic and cultural interests of supporters though ensuring they are elected to the Legislature as the ruling party 6. Institutionalization of conflict by providing mechanisms of peaceful conflict resolution in the political system From this checklist it can be understood why party ideals are an important element in the UK political systems because of their deterministic role in the success of governance. An overview of political ideology of political parties in the UK For the purpose of this assessment we shall consider the three major parties namely: the Conservative, the Labor party, and the Liberal D

Working with the Gay, Lesbian, Bi-sexual, and Transgendered therapy Research Paper

Working with the Gay, Lesbian, Bi-sexual, and Transgendered therapy patient - Research Paper Example These challenges often end up impacting on the actual effectiveness of the therapeutic sessions. It is therefore important for counselors to find out as much information about his patients as possible. In working with lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgendered clients, this is not much different. The most information which can ensure effectiveness during therapy must be established. This paper shall discuss how counselors can effectively work with lesbians, gays, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) clients. It shall synthesize research about the population and present the most important information about working with them. This study is being carried out in order to establish a clear and comprehensive understanding of the LGBT and to ensure effectiveness of the counseling process. Discussion Gays and lesbian and other transgendered individuals often feel isolated from the rest of the world (Callahan, 2001). For the most part, they also have a poor self-image which often prompts them to hide their sexual orientation from the rest of society. They also try to fit into society by trying out conventional and accepted activities and actions for their gender (Callahan, 2001). For counselors working with teen LGBT, they must gather as much information as they can about homosexuality. ... In effect, some experts have expressed the need for counselors to gather up-to-date information about their gay students through a human sexuality course (Callahan, 2001). Such course may assist counselors in recognizing their possible roles involving their suicidal gay students and those going through similar mental breakdowns in relation to their sexuality. In working with LGBTs, it is also important for counselors to be their patients’ advocates, especially in the schools and the communities. Through this advocacy, it is possible to open up the lines of communication between the other students and the gay community – to help incorporate these individuals into mainstream society (Callahan, 2001). Counselors must also try their best to support and protect this sexual minority by creating a safe environment in which these students can enter. By making it safe for them to seek counseling, it is possible to increase the number of LGBTs seeking counseling and eventually he lp safeguard their mental health. In a study by Bartlett, et.al., (2001) the authors set out to establish the therapeutic approaches taken by contemporary psychotherapists and psychoanalysts in relation to their gay and lesbian clients. They were able to establish that gays and lesbians seeking psychoanalytic therapy in the National Health Service for personal reasons would have difficulties finding gay therapists if they want one. This study also established that clients may often encounter overt or covert bias, including the pathologisation of homosexuality (Bartlett, et.al., 2001). In a paper by Godfrey, et.al., (2006) the authors set out to determine the knowledge, experiences, and values that therapists must possess in order to ensure quality therapy services for gays,

American economy today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American economy today - Essay Example r of the unemployed people in the US, which initially stood at 12.1 million, was decreased by around 0.5 million in September, leaving the unemployed people totaling to 11.6 million (Rugaber, 2012). Additionally, there was an overall economic growth of 0.7%, raising the annual economic growth rate to 2% from an initial 1.3%, during the quarter of April-June 2012 (Rugaber, 2012). The state of deficit and debt is not promising, since the US deficits and debt is growing at a higher rate than the GDP. This has the impact of requiring a substantial amount of revenue to be used in covering the interests payable to these debts (Rugaber, 2012). The inflation rate has been on the decline, standing at 2% from the historical average of 3.3% by September 2012 (Rugaber, 2012). The prices of commodities have been increasing constantly but at a lower margin of 0.6 by September of this year. Foreign trade has constantly decreased, marked by a reduction in US exports, while competition for foreign tr ade has significantly grown, notably from the Asian giants (Rugaber, 2012). The wages and income distribution has continuously recorded a great deal of inequality, with the gap between the highest and the lowest earners significantly increasing (Rugaber,